Yet, answering this question has proven difficult. With the increasing proliferation of electronic devices and social networking sites (SNS) in the daily life, there are growing concerns that the increased time spent online could harm the well-being of adolescents. However, this effect is too small to be of practical relevance. TV use, a potentially confounding variable, is negatively related to satisfaction with life, but it does not affect depressive symptomatology. The explanatory power of general Internet use or SNS use to predict between-person differences or within-person change in subjective well-being is close to zero. We found that frequency of Internet use in general and use of SNS in particular is not substantially related subjective well-being. Additionally, we control for confounders such as TV use, self-esteem, and satisfaction with friends. Based on five-wave panel data that cover a period of nine years, we disentangle between-person and within-person effects of media use on depressive symptomatology and life satisfaction as indicators of subjective well-being. The present research examines the longitudinal average impact of frequency of use of Internet and social networking sites (SNS) on subjective well-being of adolescents in Germany.
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